Photovoltaics has been known for decades, and there have been many discussions about whether and where a power plant with fixed panels or panels with automatic winding to the sun is more economical. While falling panel prices and the latest technical breakthroughs have been progressively sending solar trackers to history, let us try to offer one more idea to the photovoltaic team, who continue to consider trackers as perspective.

The second part of the article on renewable energy sources (RES) in context of the energy balance focuses on the transformation process and final consumption and follows the first part, where RES were introduced as primary energy sources.

The article focuses on the introduction of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy balance as primary energy sources, during the transformation process and their use for final consumption. The first part is devoted to basic terminology and primary energy sources, the second part focuses on the transformation process and final consumption.

The article describes currently used types of lithium based accumulators. Basic principles, parameters, advantages and disadvantages are listed in the article.

The paper presents results of a study on potential reduction of CO₂ emissions of the Czech national building stock until 2075. The calculations were based on datasets provided by Chance for Buildings that modeled five different scenarios of energy savings in the Czech building stock that varied by the depth of the energy retrofitting measures and by the pace of their application. The results were compared to the carbon budget that was set in line with the objectives of the Paris agreement.

Houses equipped with photovoltaics are more and more common. What are the conditions for sale and purchase of a house with solar powerplant?

The paper deals with the problem of optimal sizing of battery-powered hybrid power systems for HV extraction installations, where electricity consumption diagrams are available and it can be assumed that the nature of the operation will not change when photovoltaic technology is installed with battery storage. This is a difficult task, as each installation is specific to its nature of consumption, energy prices, location and investor requirements. The article outlines how to solve this problem by using the numerical optimization methods implemented in MicrOpt Design, the use of which is shown in a specific example.

The current era is favorable for the expansion of renewable energy sources and their integration into the energy economy of buildings for residential or commercial use. According to the long-term statistics, buildings consume about 40 % of all energy produced. At the same time, the buildings together with the industry provide a huge potential for the installation of renewable energy sources. The article presents advantages and disadvantages of particular types of the most commonly used photovoltaic systems integrated in buildings. It describes the ways to maximize the use of the installed renewable sources, the assessment of the rate of return of the particular types of photovoltaic systems, not counting the subsidy support, and evaluation of the installation complexity (both financial and technical).

Reports on drought in the Czech Republic, as presented in the media and in news releases of government institutions, are overstated. Natural course of climate is not accepted and data on groundwater are distorted. Nobody but ourselves should be blamed for some of the effects of “drought”, which result from a misconduct in drilling and casing installation in wells and boreholes for heat pumps as well as from anthropogenic interventions in landscape. landscape.

The largest market share of new registered passenger battery electric vehicles in Europe is in Norway (31 %), the Netherlands (5 %), Sweden, Austria and France (2 %). The share of electric vehicles in new vehicles registrations remains low in the Czech Republic, reaching 0.27 % in 2018. Policy measures can significantly support adoption of electric vehicles by consumers. Based on a literature review, we discuss a wide range of policy measures to support battery electric vehicles (BEV), including effectiveness of these measures. Further, we describe support measures in the Czech Republic. Last, we aim at the expected trends in BEVs and a policy design that may support to increase market share of BEV technology when undesirable side effects on inequality, public finance and the environment are minimised.

How can be investor's decision so much different from technical-economical optimalization and usual discounted cash flow assessment?

This article describes the conditions for operation of the electricity storage for three main groups: customers, using the electricity storage in order to increase the effectiveness of their own produced electricity by storing the produced electricity for later consumption, business utilities, providing the stored electricity as balance service to electricity traders and business utilities operating the electricity storage as an independent unit, providing balance services to the transmission system operator. The main focus is on the energy license and electricity grid system rules within the Czech applicable laws as well as in the light of the prepared amendments to the applicable laws.

Batteries are being used more and more frequently, and the number of accidents associated with batteries is increasing proportionately. The gravity of these problems and their causes are the subject of this article.

Paper deals with the definition of energy flexible building, its impact on the stability of the grid with the planned increasing share of energy from renewable sources and the possibility of using the heat storage capacity of building structures. Paper further analyzes the selected methodology for evaluation of the energy flexibible building and gives an example of thermally activated building structures.

The paper deals with the analysis of thermal losses of pipe distributions in the small solar system model created in the TRNSYS energy simulation tool. Attention is paid to the impact of heat loss through pipelines on the overall energy balance. Several variants of pipe lengths for one type of system have been selected. The results presented in the articles illustrate the influence of different pipe lengths on heat losses and the consequent impact on the energy balance of the monitored system.

Historic buildings are often classified as highly energy-intensive buildings with low energy efficiency. Thanks to their overall percentage share in the European real estate market, it is logical to focus on these objects with an innovative approach and functional, sensitively aesthetic solutions, thus significantly reducing their energy intensity and increasing their energy efficiency. At the same time, it will enable to meet the new energy targets currently proposed by the European Commission.

The article describes basic principles of the SBToolCZ green building assessment methodology stressing its up-to-date methods for school buildings. An example of a certified school is given. Renovation of this school was assessed and optimised by the SBToolCZ system which lead to the conversion into intelligent, zero energy building.

In July 2018, a two-year monitoring of the FENIX Group a.s. in Jeseník. During this time, different battery operating modes were applied to test their capabilities to ensure the power operation of the object. This article describes the entire period in terms of energy flows in the building. The key parameters are energy consumption, supply to the grid, self-sufficiency of the building from the photovoltaic source and its local use. A number of articles have been written about the building, detailing the building and energy aspects [1, 2]. Therefore, the description of the energy economy in the building will be given only to the extent necessary for a general view of the building's energy.

Historic buildings are often classified as highly energy-intensive buildings with low energy efficiency. Thanks to their overall percentage share in the European real estate market, it is logical to focus on these objects with an innovative approach and functional, sensitively aesthetic solutions, thus significantly reducing their energy intensity and increasing their energy efficiency. At the same time, it will enable to meet the new energy targets currently proposed by the European Commission.

The methodology for determining energy-neutral or energy-zero houses is different at national levels. The interest in the realization of such houses is not only influenced by the methodology but also by the market conditions in the area of moving surplus energy production from one object to another. This is an economically disadvantageous purchase price when delivering to the network. If the existing conditions in the Czech Republic are not changed, the implementation of energy-zero houses for investors will not be interesting and the potential for reduction of CO₂ production will not be utilized.